The Philippine Tourism Industry Analysis - 5195 Words

THE PHILIPPINE TOURISM INDUSTRY ANALYSIS I. SCANNING OF THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT A. OPERATING ENVIRONMENT 1. ECONOMIC INDICATORS Income, employment, balance of payments and investments are all the positive impacts of the tourism industry. The industry generates income through salary, wages, loan and interest. The amount spent by tourists though their currency in the accommodation, food and beverage and other tourism services and products,once they visited in our country, becomes our tourist receipts. Tourism brings new money into the economy. Tourist money is returned to the local economy as it is spent over and over again. As shown in the multiplier effect, the salary that an employee receives from the business can be used for†¦show more content†¦This would then lead to the improvement of health conditions and allows the area to control disease. However, congestion results from saturation making an area crowded and supply of resources limited for locals. A change in social structure and behavior also result due to the emergence of new jobs. Women or wives can work with high paying jobs compared with their husbands. Opportunity to travel for work results from separation of family. Tourism can positively affect culture in terms of preserving and restoring our cultural heritage as being showcased in trade, museums, galleries and festivals. It helps the country revive traditional facts and artifacts. Because of tourism sectors and their activities such as promotions and marketing, planning and development etc., we are able to cultivate our cultural pride and identity.The desire to experience other culture and interact with other nationalities through learning foreign languages, we come to have cross cultural exchange. 3. 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The Principal Crusades Free Essays

The Crusades were a series of Holy Wars launched by the Christian states of Europe against the Saracens and the rescuing of holy places of Palestine from the hands of the Mohammedans. (Alchin 1) There were eight Crusades in number; the first four were sometimes called the Principal Crusades, and the remaining four were the called the Minor Crusades. (Alchin 1) The Principal Crusades, however, were considered to be the most important. We will write a custom essay sample on The Principal Crusades or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Alchin 1) The Principal Crusades started because of key people or key events, which led to affect history. Every crusade contained key people, which helped spark the crusades, or contained key leaders that were important in conquering them. The first impulse to the Crusade came from an appeal of the eastern emperor, Michael VII to Pope Gregory VII for aid against the Seljuks. (Walker 2) Alexius I, a stronger ruler tan him immediate predecessors in Constantinople, saw the divisive squabbles among the Seljuk chieftain as an opportunity to take the offensive. (Walker 2) He, therefore, appealed to Pope Urban II for assistance in raising a body of western knights to help him recover his lost Asiatic provinces. Walker 2) Urban called on all Christendom to take part in the work, promising a complete remission of sins to those who would take the arduous journey. (Walker 2) The leaders of the first Crusade included some of the most distinguished representatives of European knighthood. (Alchin 2) Count Raymond of Toulouse headed a band of volunteers from a Province in southern France. (Alchin 2) Go dfrey of Bouillon and his brother Baldwin commanded a force of French and Germans from the Rhinelands. (Alchin 2) Normandy sent Robert, William the Conqueror’s eldest son. Waring 167) The Normans from Italy and Sicily were led by Bohemond, a son of Robert Guiscard, and his nephew Tancred. (Alchin 2) All of these men were key leaders in the first Crusade. In 1145, Pope Eugenius III proclaimed a new crusade and in 1147 the second crusade set forth, but it showed little of the fiery enthusiasm which the first crusade possessed. (Walker 4) The contagion of the holy enthusiasm seized not only barons, knights, and the common people, but kings and emperors were now infected with the sacred frenzy. (Alchin 11) The key leaders of the second crusade were two monarchs, Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany. Alchin 11) Conrad III, emperor of Germany, was persuaded to leave the affairs of his distracted empire in the hands of God, and consecrate himself to the defense of the sepul cher of Christ. (Buddy 11) Louis VII. , king of France, was led to undertake the crusade through remorse for an act of great cruelty that he had perpetrated upon some of his revolted subjects. (Alchin 11) The key men of the third crusade were both distinct leaders. King Richard I of England, who was later given the title the â€Å"Lion-hearted†, was the central figure among the Christians knights of this crusade. Alchin 16) The other was Saladin, chief of the Mohammedans, who was not lacking in any of those knightly virtues with which the writers of the time invested the character of the English hero. (Alchin 20) At one time, when Richard was sick with a fever, Saladin, knowing that he was poorly supplied with delicacies, sent him a gift of the choicest fruits of the land. (Alchin 20) On another occasion, Richard’s horse having been killed in battle, the sultan caused a fine Arabian steed to be led to the Christian camp as a present for his rival. Alchin 20) For two ye ars Richard the Lion-hearted vainly contended in almost daily combat with his generous antagonist for the possession of the tomb of Christ. (Alchin 20) Both of these men contributed to the third crusade. The fourth Crusade was authored by only one person, and that person only had one goal. The young, enthusiastic and ambitious Pope Innocent III sought once more to unite the force of Christendom against Islam. (Cairns 216) No emperor or king answered his summons, but a number of knights took the crusader’s vow. Alchin 24) None of the Crusades, after the Third, effected much in the Holy Land; either their force was spent before reaching it, or they were diverted from their purpose by different objects and ambitions. (Alchin 24) All of these key figures helped spark the Principal Crusades. The results from the key events were the end of the Principal Crusades. These events that follow helped the Christians prevail over the Muslims. Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lorraine, and Tanc red lead an expedition to recapture Jerusalem. (Alchin 5) The expedition numbered about seven hundred thousand men, of which one hundred thousand were called knights. Alchin 5) The crusaders traversed Europe by different routes and reassembled at Constantinople. (Alchin 5) Crossing the Bosphorus, they first captured Nicaea, the Turkish capital, in Bithynia, and then set out across Asia Minor for Syria. (Alchin 5) Arriving at Antioch, the survivors captured that place, and then, after some delays, pushed on towards Jerusalem. (Alchin 5) The Siege of Antioch had lasted from  October 1097 to June 1098. (Alchin 5) Reduced now to perhaps one-fourth of their original numbers, the crusaders advanced slowly to the city which formed the goal of all their efforts, Jerusalem. Alchin 6) When the Crusaders were in full view of the Holy City, a perfect delirium of joy seized the crusaders. (Alchin 6) They embraced one another with tears of joy, and even embraced and kissed the ground on which t hey stood. (Alchin 6) As they passed on, they took off their shoes, and marched with uncovered heads and bare feet before attacking it. (Alchin 6) Then the grand assault came. The first assault made by the Christians upon the walls of the city was repulsed; but the second was successful, and the city was in the hands of the crusaders by July 1099. Alchin 7) Once inside the city, the crusaders massacred their enemies without mercy. (Alchin 7) The fall and massacre of the city of Edessa sparked the second crusade. In the year 1146, the city of Edessa, the bulwark of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem on the side towards Mesopotamia, was taken by the Turks, and the entire population was slaughtered, or sold into slavery. (Alchin 9) This disaster threw the entire West into a state of the greatest alarm, lest the little Christian state and all the holy places should again fall into the hands of the infidels. Alchin 9) The second crusade, though begun under the most favorable auspices, had an unhappy ending. (Alchin 12) Of the great host that set out from Europe, only a few thousands escaped annihilation in Asia Minor at the hands of the Turks. (Alchin 12) Louis and Conrad, with the remnants of their armies, made a joint attack on Damascus, but had to raise the siege after a few days. (Alchin 12) This closed the second crusade. The capture of Jerusalem by Saladin stimulated the third crusade. Having made himself sultan of Egypt, Saladin united the Moslems of Syria under his sway and then advanced against the Latin  Kingdom of Jerusalem. Alchin 14) The Christians met him in a great battle near the lake of Galilee. (Alchin 14) It ended in the rout of their army and the capture of their king. (Alchin 14) Saladin quickly reaped the fruits of victory. (Alchin 14) The Christian cities of Syria opened their gates to him, and at last Jerusalem itself surrendered after a short siege. (Alchin 14) The news of the taking of Jerusalem spread consternation throughout western Christ endom. (Alchin 15) The cry for another crusade arose on all sides. (Alchin 15) Once more thousands of men sewed the cross in gold, or silk, or cloth upon their garments and set out for the Holy Land. Alchin 15) When the three greatest rulers of Europe, King Philip Augustus of France, King Richard I of England, and the German emperor, Frederick Barbarossa heard about the catastrophe; they set out, each at the head of a large army, for the recovery of the Holy City of Jerusalem. (Walker 5) Thus the third crusade began. The crusaders of the fourth expedition captured Constantinople instead of Jerusalem. The crusaders took Constantinople by storm. (Alchin 26) No infidels could have been treated in a worse fashion than this home of ancient civilization. Alchin 26) They burned down a great part of it; they slaughtered the inhabitants; they wantonly destroyed monuments, statues, paintings, and manuscripts—the accumulation of a thousand years—and carried away much of the movab le wealth. (Alchin 26) Never had there been such plunder since the world began. (Alchin 26) The results of these events played important roles in the Principal Crusades. The effect of the Principal Crusades had historical implications on society. At the recapturing of Jerusalem of the first crusade, a terrible slaughter of the infidels took place. Alchin 7) For seven days the carnage went on, at the end of it, scarcely any of the Moslem faith was left alive. (Alchin 7) The Christians took possession of the houses and property of the infidels, each soldier having a right to that which he had first seized and placed his mark upon. (Alchin 7) All of this was the affect of the first crusade. At the retreating from the siege of Damascus of the second crusade, the strength of both the French and the German division of the expedition was wasted in Asia Minor, and the crusade accomplished nothing. (Alchin 12) Thus was the end of the second Crusade. In the third crusade, although Richard was unsuccessful in recapturing Jerusalem, he did get Saladin to agree to give pilgrims free access to the city without paying tribute. (Cairns 214) After the truce, Richard set sail for England, and with his departure from the Holy Land the third crusade came to an end. (Cairns 214) Thus was the end of the third crusade. Although the crusaders of the fourth crusade had plundered from the sack of Constantinople, it had a negative effect. Constantinople declined in strength and could no longer cope with the barbarians menacing it. (Alchin 28) Two centuries later the city fell easily to the Turks. Alchin 28) Their greed and lust for power turned the fourth crusade into a political adventure. (Alchin 28) Thus was the ending of the fourth crusade. These were the historical affects of the Principal Crusades. The trigger of the Principal Crusades was from the emulation of key leaders and the stimulation of key events, which both had negative and posit ive effects on history. The crusades were great military expeditions undertaken by the Christian nations of Europe. There purpose, to take back former Christian nations from pagans and to restore Christianity throughout them. Works Cited Alchin, Linda. â€Å"The Crusades. † Middle Ages. N. S. , 16 July 2006. Web. 3 Mar. 2011. http://www. middle-ages. org. uk/the-crusades. htm Buddy. â€Å"A Brief History of the Crusades. † My Discipleship Journal (2010). Print. Cairns, Earl. Christianity through the Centuries: a History of the Christian Church. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996. Print. Walker. â€Å"The Crusades. † Theology Website. N. S. , 1997. Web. 3 Mar. 2011. http://theologywebsite. com/ history/crusades. shtml. Waring, Diana. Romans, Reformers, and Revolutionaries. Petersburg: Thomas Nelson Publishers, Inc. , 2008. Print. How to cite The Principal Crusades, Papers

Organizational Challenges of Profit and Goals-Samples for Students

Question: In the Global Context, Discuss the Organizational Challenges of Profit, Goals and Corporate Social Responsibility. Answer: Introduction The aim of this essay is to evaluate the challenges that organizations face in relation to their profit, goals and corporate social responsibility (CSR). However, in this essay will further discuss the understanding of the ethical obligations and issues that are encountered by the organization. At the time of establishment, setting the goals becomes an important issue because based on it the organization builds its solid base from which to grow. Thus, organizations face challenging situations when there is lack in intellectually challenging goals. Another major goal that organizations face globally is related to profit where the main challenge arise due to poor management, dissatisfaction of the employees and obsolete performance management systems in the sphere of profit making (Craft, 2013). Lastly, another major challenge is faced by the organization in the CSR. Global businesses today have to consider more than productivity if they have to keep their customers, workers, shareholder as well as their community satisfied (Crane, Matten Spence, 2013). Therefore, situations become challenging when the organization has to balance both positive social change as well as the goals of the organization. Discussion Businesses have certain ethical obligations that split similarity with legal rules and regulations in deciding how a business performs itself while determining to make profit as well as attain strategic organizational goals. However, ethical obligations are actually more about unrestricted decisions and value-guided behavior (Thiel et al., 2012). Woolworths Limited believes in getting their customers trust by behaving responsibly as well as doing the correct thing for their customers as well as their community. However, the organization Woolworths is devoted in upholding human rights not simply with respect to its individual employees nut also for the workers who are part of their supply chain. However, their ethical obligations is mainly surrounded by the inclusive criteria on anti-corruption, labor rights, safe working conditions as well as environmental compliance. Therefore, is has been seen that ethical issues are becoming an essential feature when analyzing the success of the b usiness. Todays customers mainly prefer those brands, which avoids unethical reputations. Moreover, if organizations neglect their social responsibilities then they might land into legal troubles (Homburg, Stierl Bornemann, 2013). Therefore, organizations like Woolworths faced issues in areas like profit, goals and their CSR. Woolworth further faces issues with the value and ethics related to their stakeholders. Therefore, to preserve a strong relationship with their stakeholders, Woolworth has worked on a vigorous process of stakeholder engagement. Through this process, Woolworth can on a regular basis review of needs as well as opportunity of their stakeholders to keep satisfied. However, the main reason of Woolworth to focus particularly on their stakeholders is that it also needs to understand the various issues faced by their stakeholders in the economic, environmental as well as social areas. Moreover, in relation to these Woolworth also focuses on approval of problem solving approach to manipulate their stakeholders and get the maximum profit. However, this organization is always ready to face challenges as well as changes, which are connected to the stakeholders (Woolworthsgroup.com.au, 2018). Stakeholders have an adverse relation with the output or the revenue generated from business, which means they do have a concern or interest in full course of working. List of stakeholders includes groups, systems, accountants, member or organization. Since they pour investment in the working capital, therefore by default they become the member for the decision-making committee in an organization. When responsible for a small business, an owner apprises those who show interest in the organizations activities. Customers, business partners, employees, suppliers, investors and fellow business leaders are potential stakeholders (Brown Forster, 2013). In order to run a successful business agenda, it is significant to convince the stakeholders and to make sure that certain ethical responsibilities is maintained in terms of some decisions taken, including decisions of hiring and contract, to demonstrate and highlight companys social responsibility. An organization tends to operate schemes coming in worth full for responsible stakeholders and to make sure a complete sync is established between all the associates, directors, and CEOs of the company. Ethical theories: Self Interest, Enlightened or Otherwise: In this ethical theory most focus has been made on self interest or companys benefits to be the prime prospect without looking into the ways of how it affects society as a whole. Methods, which is concerned about only self-made methods through which business is prospered. This theory of business ethics can be used to justify almost any business decision (Broad, 2014). Duty to Principles or People: Self-interest methods can be possible in a free market, which does practically not exist in nature, or we can say it is hypothetical concept, as real markets are always bound by laws and other restrictions (Yazdani Murad, 2015). It is a debate or an unsettled fact that about who or what should be the obligations of a business leader. If a company has stakeholders or investors, then the business owner is bound by law to act according to their financial interest. Compassion and Consequences: Many have criticized basing the business operations on moral ethics. Business based solely on compassion cannot succeed economically, but that does not mean that ethical decision-making should be based solely in compassion. Another way of looking at ethical problems is to think about the possible course of actions. Work practices, which cause environmental problems, may bring immediate benefits for the stakeholders but it may cause largely affecting consequences (Ford Richardson, 2013). Virtue and Vice: It is an ancient theory of business ethics which says that a leader will have certain virtues like honesty and courage. Such practices are criticized heavily and no certain rules have been made (Prior, 2016). Some ethical theories are made keeping in mind the concept of pure free market according to economics and in real market scenario rules, competitors and regulations are always embossing. No theories suffice all the need of an organization. The best approach is use all the major ethical theories to assess a situation. For instance, before making a decision an owner should question himself about his planned course of actions. Is it in the best interest for the company? Is it going to satisfy the needs of stakeholders and investors? What is the likely socio-economic impact? After considering such questions thoughtfully, any decision made will be an ethical one. Woolworth Limited has maintained certain processes to conserve the satisfaction of their stakeholders and they are as follows: Providing proper working conditions to its employees, safeguarding their human rights, and ensuring safety standards in surrounding environment Policies regarding workplace safety, fair pay, employment conditions, motivating environment and job security. Company is also implementing improvement to make sure that their suppliers would be able to qualify according to the standards. Woolworth ensures regulation of labour rights in which the labour are free to choose their way of employment or job. If something went against their satisfaction level then they are not forced to work into that organization, in fact they are made free to make the decision of leaving the organization. No discrimination of caste, creed, color or gender should take place in the organization. Moves focus towards environment sustainability (Lewis Huber, 2015). By following such methods, Woolworth maintained its sustainability in the competitive retail market. They mainly focus on Stakeholder satisfaction, which in return yield them good results. However, in recent years the global organizations incorporate their policies into their performance management program so that they can hold their workers responsible for their actions as well as alert them to their liabilities to support professional standards during their job performance and their interaction with the colleagues and supervisors. Today organization also provides training regarding ethics to their employees so that it can help the employees address and determine the ethical dilemmas that go in between them and the goals of the organization. To make possible an effective organizational ethical training program companies train their employees through experiential learning or via role-play (Basarab Sr Root, 2012). Organizations today feel that they have certain responsibility towards the society where their focus mainly embraces time as well as money along with the duty to offer environmental products as well as services. They also crave to advance the lives of individuals around the globe. Conclusion To conclude this report, it can be said that throughout the globe the challenges that the organization faces regarding their ethical obligations are mainly in the areas of profit making, goal settings or their CSR responsibilities. Taking the organization Woolworth Limited as one of the global organization it can be said that they not only face challenges in value and ethics related to their stakeholders but also ethical dilemmas arises in keeping their customers happy through ethical profit making functioning. Thus, to avoid any unethical practices and develop a loyal relationship with their stakeholders, Woolworth prefers an engagement process for them so that it can keep all the stakeholders satisfied. Several theoretical approaches are applied to help the organizations globally to deal with ethical dilemma. However, today majority of the global organizations prefer to train their employees beforehand on business ethics so that it can help them understand and solve any kind of eth ical obligations. Moreover, they also prepared their policies depending on the ethical standards so that following it the employees can take the responsibilities of their own behavior and relationships with their colleagues and senior References Basarab Sr, D. J., Root, D. K. (2012).The training evaluation process: A practical approach to evaluating corporate training programs(Vol. 33). Springer Science Business Media. Broad, C. D. (2014).Five types of ethical theory(Vol. 2). Routledge. Brown, J. A., Forster, W. R. (2013). CSR and stakeholder theory: A tale of Adam Smith.Journal of business ethics,112(2), 301-312. Craft, J. L. (2013). A review of the empirical ethical decision-making literature: 20042011.Journal of business ethics,117(2), 221-259. Crane, A., Matten, D., Spence, L. (2013). Corporate social responsibility in a global context. Ford, R. C., Richardson, W. D. (2013). Ethical decision making: A review of the empirical literature. InCitation classics from the Journal of Business Ethics(pp. 19-44). Springer, Dordrecht. Homburg, C., Stierl, M., Bornemann, T. (2013). Corporate social responsibility in business-to-business markets: How organizational customers account for supplier corporate social responsibility engagement.Journal of Marketing,77(6), 54-72. Lewis, T., Huber, A. (2015). A revolution in an eggcup? Supermarket wars, celebrity chefs and ethical consumption.Food, Culture Society,18(2), 289-307. Prior, W. J. (2016).Virtue and knowledge: An Introduction to ancient Greek ethics. Routledge. Thiel, C. E., Bagdasarov, Z., Harkrider, L., Johnson, J. F., Mumford, M. D. (2012). Leader ethical decision-making in organizations: Strategies for sensemaking.Journal of Business Ethics,107(1), 49-64. Woolworthsgroup.com.au. (2018).Corporate Responsibility - Woolworths Group. [online] Available at: https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/page/community-and-responsibility/group-responsibility/ [Accessed 12 Feb. 2018]. Yazdani, N., Murad, H. S. (2015). Toward an ethical theory of organizing.Journal of Business Ethics,127(2), 399-417.