Teh Hong Piow Leadership

Section C Public Bank 1a) Portfolio Performance Holding Period Return HPR =Ending Price-Beginning PriceBeginning Price+Cash Dividend ? 100% =RM15. 50-RM 15. 32RM 15. 32+0 ? 100% =1. 17% b) Market Performance Market Performance MP =Ending Index-Beginning IndexBeginning Index? 100% =1669. 40-1654. 041654. 04? 100% =0. 927% Axiata Group 1a) Portfolio Performance Holding Period Return HPR =Ending Price-Beginning PriceBeginning Price+Cash Dividend ? 100% =RM6. 00-RM 5. 83RM 5. 83+0 ? 100% =2. 92% b) Market Performance Market Performance MP =Ending Index-Beginning IndexBeginning Index? 100% =1669. 0-1654. 041654. 04? 100% =0. 927% Nestle (M) Bhd 1a) Portfolio Performance Holding Period Return HPR =Ending Price-Beginning PriceBeginning Price+Cash Dividend ? 100% =RM63. 10-RM 59. 00RM 59. 00+0 ? 100% =6. 95% b) Market Performance Market Performance MP =Ending Index-Beginning IndexBeginning Index? 100% =1669. 40-1654. 041654. 04? 100% =0. 927% Section D Public Bank a) The portfolio performanc e of Public Bank is better as compared to the market performance. The HPR of Pubic Bank is higher than the marker performance, which is 1. 17% as compared to market performance which is only 0. 927%. b) ) Public Bank is a well reputed and well-known company for its prudent management, excellence services, strong profitability, strong corporate culture and corporate governance. It is currently a leading provider of financial services in Malaysia. It also provides bank operations in Hong Kong, Combodia, Vietnam, Laos and Sri Lanka. Public Bank had performed well in the market share in year 2011. The overall ratio in the market share in year 2011 is higher than the year 2010. According to the sustainability profit growth of Public bank, it has stronger performance in year 2011 than in year 2010.Moreover, the net income of Public Bank Group had increased by 8. 3% from RM6,838. 5 million in 2010 to RM7,408. 6 million in 2011. In addition, it has a steady asset growth from year 2010 to 20 11. Its financial report encouraged us to invest in the company as it has a steady growth and lower risk. During the subsequent to the financial year end, which is on 30th January 2012, directors of Public Bank had declared a second interim single tier dividend of 28%, with the amount of RM980,596,036 in the current year. According to the key statistic of Public Bank in dividend growth, it grown 0. 3% in 5 years. It gives confidence to us for investing in this company for its stable growth in the economic. Source: Annual Report (2011). Public Bank. Retrieved from http://announcements. bursamalaysia. com/EDMS/subweb. nsf/7f04516f8098680348256c6f0017a6bf/bd33262bdcaa8fc1482579ad00116c90/$FILE/PBBANK-FinancialStatements%20(971MB). pdf Source: Annual Report (2011). Public Bank. Retrieved from http://announcements. bursamalaysia. com/EDMS/subweb. nsf/7f04516f8098680348256c6f0017a6bf/bd33262bdcaa8fc1482579ad00116c90/$FILE/PBBANK-FinancialStatements%20(971MB). pdf Source: The Star Online ( 2013).Public Bank Bhd. Retrieved on 8th January 2013 from http://biz. thestar. com. my/marketwatch/charts/l. asp? code=1295~PBBANK&p1=16. 18&p2=16. 16&p3=16. 22&p4=16. 1&p5=16. 18&p6=0&p7=0. 00&p8=46667&p9=14. 545 Axiata Group a) The portfolio performance of Axiata Group is relatively in good performance as compared to the market performance. The HPR of Axiata Group is 2. 92%, which is higher than the Market Performance of only 0. 927%. b) c) Axiata Group Berhad is an investment holding company which provides communication and consultancy services.It offers mobile telecommunication, interconnect, television transmission and other services. It also dealing of marketable securities, trading and distribution of communication devices and its related products. According to the details, it was founded in 1992 and as on 23rd May 2012, the company has approximately 190 million mobile subscribers in Asia. According to the financial results of Axiata Group Bhd in the last four years, which is from year 2007 to 2011, the revenue of the company grew to the tune of 60%. Their profits almost doubled for these four years.The company had a very good performance which attracted us to invest in the company. On the other hand, the cash position of the company had increased from RM6. 3 billion to RM6. 6 billion and the ROIC improved from 11. 8% to 12. 2%. Moreover, the diversification of the company grown with further progress with 56% of revenue generated outside of the Malaysia. According to the Axiata Group Bhd annual report 2011, the Group’s total subscriber base expanded to around 200 million, increase 25% from a year ago and growing an average of 3. 3 million per month.These made the Group one of the largest telecommunications companies in the region. The Group shows a positive data trends and performance throughout the countries in Malaysia and overseas. This gives us greater confidence in investing in the company, which given us lower risk to invest. According to t he performance highlight in the past four year of the Group, which is from 2008 to 2011, the graph relatively shows increasing in the operating revenue, EBITDA, PAT, NORMALISED PATAMI, POIC and SUBSCRIBERS. It shows that the company has reater performance in year 2011, and we believe that the company will show strong performance in year 2012, and hence, we decided to invest in the company. Source: Annual Report(2011). Axiata Group Bhd. Retrieved on 8th January 2013 from http://axiata. listedcompany. com/misc/ar2011. pdf Nestle (M) Bhd a) The Portfolio Performance of Nestle (M) Bhd is performing well as compared to the Market Performance. The HPR of the Nestle (M) Bhd is 6. 95%, as compared to the Market Performance of only 0. 927%. It is relatively having high performance in the market. b) ) Nestle Malaysia Bhd is a leading Food, Nutrition, Health and Wellness Company in the region. It grown to be the world’s largest good company which offering more than 8,500 brands and 10,0 00 products. It also has more than 456 factories over 80 countries and more than 283,000 employees. Nestle Malaysia Bhd has encountered turnover of RM1. 16 billion in Quarter 1 in 2012, which is 8. 5% higher than the previous corresponding period. In the first quarter of 2012, Nestle Malaysia Bhd had good growth performance in both domestic and export sales. It also has increased profit before tax of RM206. million and profit after tax of RM158. 1 million which grew by 8. 2% and 7. 4% respectively compared to the previous period. Moreover, despite exports its products across the globes; the Group has successfully exports more than half of its products to ASEAN region. The stable performance of the company attracted us to invest in the company although the price is high. In addition, the company also introduced new products to the market, which these products will directly affect the strong demand of the domestic and hence affect the economic performance of the company.Moreover, the sustained economic growth of overseas countries, encouraged the performance of export sales, and increased the sales of 18% to inter-market customers. It is relatively a trusted brand to the Malaysian, where it is well-known of its healthy nutrition drinks. On the other hand, Nestle (M) Bhd also launched the Nestle Project Rilead in October 2011, where it aims to create a landscape for people, nature and agriculture can co-exist harmoniously in their need for water. This project will give an initiative of seeing the reforestation of the land. This relatively giving us good image on the

Analyse Communication Methods and Assess their Effectiveness in a Care Settings

Analyse communication methods and assess their effectiveness in a care settings. Health and social care professionals have to develop effective communication skills in order to work with the diverse range of people who use and work within care services. The two contexts, or types of circumstances, in which communication and interaction occur are one-to-one and group contexts.One-to-one communication occurs when one person speaks with or writes to another individual. Examples of one-to-one communication in health care could be a patient talking to his/her doctor, a doctor talking to a patient’s family and a doctor breaking sensitive news to a patient. Effective communication and interaction play an important role in the work of all health and social care professionals.For example, care professionals need to be able to use a range of communication and interaction skills in order to: Work inclusively with people of different ages and diverse backgrounds, respond appropriately to the variety of care-related problems and individual needs of people who use care services, obtain clear, accurate information about a person’s problems, symptoms or concerns. Group communication follows slightly different ‘rules’ to communication in one-to-one situations. There is often more going on in a group, with a number of different people trying to speak, get their point across and their voice heard.These work better when the group is small as the leader can interact better than working with large groups. As a communication context, groups can have a number of benefits for participants: a group can be an effective way of sharing responsibilities and groups can improve decision-making and problem-solving because they draw on the knowledge and skills of a number of people However, groups can also limit the effectiveness of communication if: people find it hard to speak and contribute effectively or to challenge aspects of the group’s thinking or pract ices.This can lead to poorly thought-out, unquestioned decisions being made. Care professionals need to understand how communication and interpersonal interaction occur in both formal and informal contexts. Knowing when to communicate formally and when to use informal communication improves the effectiveness of a care professional’s communication and interactions. Formal communication is the interaction between two or more people, which does adhere to the rules of formal communication. Formal communication requires appropriate verbal and non-verbal skills.Other  examples of formal communication are: formal letter or email. Informal communication is more relaxed, more personal and ‘looser’ than formal communication. People use informal language when they speak with or write to their family, friends or close relatives. Care professionals have to learn to assess each person’s communication needs and preferences and to understand the different contexts in wh ich formal and informal communication is appropriate. Developing this understanding and flexibility enables a care professional to be respectful, sensitive and effective whenever they are communicating with others.Care professionals communicate and interact with colleagues, other professionals and the people who use care services by using a variety of word-based (verbal) and non-word-based (non-verbal) methods of communication. Verbal and non-verbal communication can be explored separately but occur simultaneously. Effective verbal communication occurs when one person speaks (writes) and at least one other listens to (reads) and understands the message. Talking with service users, their relatives and with colleagues is a frequent, everyday occurrence for care professionals.For example, verbal communication skills are needed to: respond to questions asked by people who use services, their families and friends; discuss the worries, concerns and distress of people who use care services ; ask questions when carrying out needs assessments or reviewing progress. Services user’s records, organisational policies and procedures, official letters and memos, emails and text messages between care practitioners are all examples of verbal, or word-based, communication in written form.People who have hearing (or dual hearing and sight) impairments sometimes communicate through the use of specialist forms of nonverbal signing. Sign languages are often taught and used in settings where service users have limited ability to use verbal language due to learning disabilities. In situations where people speak different languages or prefer to use different communication systems – such as British Sign Language or Makaton – effective communication may only be possible if assistance is provided by a third party.Care organisations and agencies may use one or more of the following human aids to ensure that communication are effective in these circumstances. As a profe ssional, it is your responsibility to make sure that your communication skills meet the needs of the people you support. We don’t have to talk to other people to communicate or interact with them. We also communicate non-verbally through body language, the way we dress and sometimes through the activities we take part in.As we will see, body language, art, drama and music, as well as specialist techniques such as signing, are all non-verbal methods of communication that are used within care settings. The human face is very expressive and is an important source of nonverbal communication. Care practitioners can use their understanding of postural messages to read a person’s mood and feelings. This can give useful information during assessment interviews and in one-to-one counselling sessions. Nonverbal communication, just like language, varies across cultures. These differences can sometimes lead to misunderstandings.Nonverbal communication is communication through mean s other than language, facial expressions, personal space, and eye contact, use of time, conversational silence and cultural space. Care professionals communicate effectively when they are able to ‘connect’ directly with other individuals. To be able to do this well, a care professional must adapt to the communication and language needs and preferences of others. This includes people who are unable to use spoken language and people who have sensory impairments that limit their communication and interaction abilities.Care professionals may also encourage some people to make use of technological aids, such as electronic communicators, hearing aids and videophones, to overcome specific communication problems. These kinds of technological aids are specifically designed to help individuals who have difficulty sending or receiving the messages that form their communication with others. Getting your message across, and correctly interpreting the messages communicated to you, a re vital to effective communication.

Intercultural and Business Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Intercultural and Business Organization - Essay Example It is important to know that many shops are closed on Fridays in Malaysia because most of the people there are Muslim. Otherwise, regular store hours are much like the ones seen in the United States. The point is that Friday scheduling for meetings should be avoided. They expect you to be punctual to meetings, but they may be more relaxed than you in that department.People have the tendency to carry umbrellas with them daily in Malaysia because the weather is so humid and it tends to rain a lot. The weather is hot and humid, with showers arriving at a moment’s notice. Lightweight suits and shirts should be worn for comfort. Do not wear yellow as only royalty in Malaysia wears yellow (Associated Content, 2005).â€Å"Begin by dressing for the office: jacket, slacks, shirt, and tie, but if you see that others are going without their jacket and tie you may remove them discreetly. Women should choose knee-length skirts and long-sleeved blouses but avoid pantsuits since these might be inappropriate in some offices. Although it is acceptable to wear jeans, in public, shorts are simply not worn by adults. In some cultures, you would never dare ask someone how much they weigh and other personal questions. Not so in Malaysia. Be prepared to be subjected to very personal questions concerning the marital status or even income. Graciously avoid the questions if you don’t want to answer. Acting upset or annoyed will cause the person to be embarrassed, or to lose face. Losing face is a very serious matter in Malaysia†.

Macroeconomic Stabilisation Theory and Policy Essay

Macroeconomic Stabilisation Theory and Policy - Essay Example † A labour market is generally a market where the services of labour factors of production exchange hands. From a macroeconomics’ point of view, it is a very critical factor that impacts on the overall markets of factors of production. In line with the same definition, it should be noted that in the short-run wages remain rigid and this is among other predicaments in the same short-run. In the short-run, therefore, equilibrium remains an illusion. Over-employment and under-employment remain the order of the day in the short-run. (econguru.com, 2008) Castles, in his book, states that aggregate supply of labour is usually a function of the trade-off between leisure and income. It involves the effects of substitution and the income offsetting. (Castles, 1998 p198) On the other hand aggregate demand of labour happens where there is measurement of employment levels and it serves as a rate of growth determinant with wages and inflationary impacts on wage levels in the spotligh t. (O’Hara, 2001 p511) These two functions of any given labour market are the major aspects of this market clearing topic. They are going to be considered in detail further on in the study. The expression â€Å"Market clearing† refers to that process through which markets move to a scenario where the quantity of demand is equal to that of supply. This means that the forces of the economy ensure that supply and demand are at par. This process of achieving a market clearing position usually involves various adjustments in the market up to the point of getting a price of market clearing. This concept of market clearing is highly related to that of equilibrium in the market. (Black, et al, 2009 p282) Issues of a labour market may be with the inclusion of wages, rates of participation as well as unemployment. A typical labour market, thus, provides a systematic structure that creates an environment of employers’ and workers’ interaction with regards to the con ditions of work, jobs and pay. The outcomes of a given labour market are dependent upon the processes as well as institutions of the overall bargaining besides the part played by unions of trade and organisations of employers. (eurofound.europa.cu, 2011) An equilibrium in a market of labour may be the putting together of demand for labour and labour supply. In such a case the price, with labour in focus, is the wage equivalent to a given labour level and the demanded quantity of labour is the amount of labour-hours that are employed. Labour demand is the output price multiplied by the extra labour productivity in output units. Equilibrium, therefore, occurs where the demand and supply curves intersect. Figure 1; shows the demand and supply of labour in a given industrial case. Note: D is demand for labour S is supply for labour W is real wage levels Wage S W D Labour hours D,S One can look at a given labour market where there is a law of minimum wage. The most essential factor here is to make an analysis of the effects of the law of minimum wage. Minimum wage (W1) is set above the wage at equilibrium level. The resultant effect is that of employers’ demand as well as hire (N1) labour-hours, which is lower than would be the amount of labour hours that are hired at the point of equilibrium wage. The other outcome is an excess supply of labour as seen in the

Tom's shoes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Tom's shoes - Essay Example These customers are conscious about socially credible and ethical business practices and therefore, prefer the way of operations of Tom’s Shoes. The company follows a One to One model in which it provides shoes to deprived children as a part of the charitable and ethical aspect of the company. Tom’s Shoes was found with the aim of providing a new pair of shoes to a child for every pair of shoes that is sold from the company. The charitable component of Tom’s Shoes is an important influencing factor of customer purchase decision when the customer is buying his/her first pair of shoes from the company. However, the charitable aspect becomes a much low impact buying factor in case of repeat purchases by the customers. The customer segment including socially conscious buyers is the main target segment for Tom’s Shoes which it taps through word of mouth publicity and other promotional tools. These are supported by the charitable aspects of the company. Cause ma rketing is an important marketing strategy used by Tom’s Shoes to attract the target customer group (Earle

Arabic Language and English Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Arabic Language and English Language - Essay Example Arabic is from the Semitic language family, subsequently, its grammar is altogether different from English. There is an expansive potential for lapses of impedance when Arab learners produce composed or spoken English. Arabic has a three-consonant root as its premise. All words (parts of speech) are shaped by joining the three-root consonants with altered vowel designs and, in some cases, an affix. Arab learners may be befuddled by the absence of examples in English that might permit them to recognize nouns from verbs or descriptive words, and so forth. The Arabic sentence is generally separated into two primary parts: the column and the supplement (extra) if any. The column could be mapped to the thought of the atomic in expository structure hypothesis. The satellites of the logical structure hypothesis could be equal to the supplement. The column has two parts: the data furthermore the subject. The subject could be acknowledged as the member where an activity, a state, or a depicti on is alluding to. The data could be seen as the movement, the state, or the portrayal itself. An Arabic sentence may be either ostensible sentence or a verbal sentence. The ostensible sentence begins fundamentally with a noun and the verbal sentence begins with a verb. The mainstay of an ostensible sentence is constituted by a primate and a predicate. The primate is a noun that generally a sentence begins with. The capacity of the primate is the subject-work (the member). The predicate qualifies the primate and fills the data a piece of the mainstay of the ostensible sentence. The mainstay of the verbal sentence is constituted by a verb and an operator if the data is a known verb or a star executor if the data is a disregarded verb. While proceeding towards the comparison in details it is necessary to first shed some light on the definition of culture as defined by Geert Hofstede. According to the cultural dimensions premises acknowledged by Geert Hofstede, the westernized nations like the United States, Australia, United Kingdom, etc. creates the individualist bunch and is placed at one severe end of the band whilst the Asian nations such as Pakistan, Hong Kong, India, Thailand, etc. forms the collectivist bunch and is placed at the other intense end of the range.  

Divorce's Impact on Preschool, School-age, and Adolescent Children Essay

Divorce's Impact on Preschool, School-age, and Adolescent Children - Essay Example This more differentiated body of research is helpful in policy formation and for educating divorced parents about known risk factors for their children and what protective behaviors may enhance their children's longer-term adjustment. Life stress associated with marital disruption was found to account for the majority of children's adjustment problems. Children from nonintact homes show poorer adjustment than children from intact homes. Siblings experience increased closeness as a result of the shared experience of going through the divorce of their parents together. The young women also report turning to each other for support as a result of the emotional unavailability of their parents during the divorce. From the point of view of children, divorce is a stressful experience because of the disruption of the home and its financial, emotional, and social costs. The adverse impact, however, can be minimized by realistic and sensitive attention to its effects on children. Although divorce alters the living arrangements of affected families, it does not end family relationships. Most teenagers and their parents adjust to divorce and later regard it as having been a constructive action; but one-third do not. In those instances the turbulence of the post-divorce phase plays a crucial role in influencing pathological reactions in affected teenagers. Divorce is common in the contemporary way of life and deserves objective study. 3. Focus questions Does divorce have effects on children of different age groups What does literature say about it If these are negative how they can be avoided If these are positive, how can they be utilised in clinical practice 4. Review of literature 5. Search strategy based on key words, exclusion and inclusion criteria. 6. Findings from literature review: Critical review of contemporary literature on parental divorce and its effects on children, their mental health, social performances, economic parameters, and performance. Analysis of the causes and effects. Identification of the positive and negative aspects of these effects and their practice relevance. 7. Way forward: Summary of findings of literature review and suggestion for practice. Discussion about the ways to minimise divorce and improvement of coping mechanisms of the children. 8. Conclusion: Summary of the work. Introduction The ratio of marriage and divorce rates has been stable at about 50 percent for the past thirty years, indicating that, during this time, for every two marriages there has been one divorce. The number of divorces peaks only two and a half years after marriage; most divorces occur within ten years. In 2002, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released a report about marriage, divorce, and remarriage trends based on a nationally representative sample of women fifteen to forty-four years of age. The data indicated that, after only three years, 12 percent of marriages had ended in either separation or divorce. After five years, 20 percent of all first marriages had ended; after ten years, 33 percent; and after fifteen years, 43 percent. The risk for marital disruption is greatest in the first years of marriage and noticeably levels off after the fifth year. Thus, the risk for divorce decreases with the length of the marriage (Bramlett and Mosher,

Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Interview - Essay Example The room itself had an unmistakable aura of grandeur about it. It was old but that wasn’t the only attribute, something struck me when I realized that these walls had been privy to the conversations of some of the greatest minds the world has ever seen.   ‘Oh crap’ I thought, ‘I actually have to answer this question’. While responding, I realized that even though this was an interview to study economics, the professors were interested to see how well I could synthesize different information from a variety of subjects. In this particular case it was perhaps political science and later in the interview, there was a great deal of mathematics involved. Furthermore, this interview was not the usual question and answer session that I had been used to in school; it was an open ended discussion with the experts. I disagreed with some of their opinions on several economic issues and gave some of my own. The dialogue that the interview entailed was nothing like I had previously encountered and therefore provided me with a distinct intellectual challenge.   In comparison with other experiences which have aided my intellectual development, this interview certainly holds the highest rank. My experiences at Model United Nations conferences were full of dialogue and debate regarding critical issues; the topics of discussion were provided beforehand whereas this interview truly tested my thinking skills and ability to adapt to a completely new situation. Alternatively, the training that the school’s Math team and I are currently partaking for the International Schools Mathematics Teacher’s Foundation (Hague, February 2012), has also been a challenge due to the intensity of our work and the fact that we are forced to synthesize information and topics we have previously seen in regular Math classes. However the interview holds more weight as it involved the synthesis of more than one

Douglas Spalding Essay Example for Free

Douglas Spalding Essay Douglas Spalding was the architect of ethology, the scientific study of animal behavior. He started his research in the mid 1800s. His studies discounted British empiricist claims that animal skill regarding depth, distance; perception and sound localization were learned by the animals while they were young. Spalding study of ethology involved the determiner of behavior such as instinct is behavior that is predisposed or shaped by natural selection or innate pre-programmed behavior. To address the British empiricist claim that perceptual abilities did not require experience, he conducted an study dealing with instinct. He open a portion of an egg where chicks, baby chickens, not girls, where about to hatch and just before their eyes opened, he opened a piece of the egg, and covered the chicks head with a hood. After removing the hood; the chick showed no effects of not being able to see and was able to locate insects to eat, thus showing innate behavior is extremely valuable in animal behavior and not experience. Critical period research is learning that occurs at a specific age or life stage. Critical period is behavior that’s developed within a specific time frame. Spalding withheld chicks from the mother for 10 days. The chicks didn’t hear or see their mother for ten days. Spalding introduced the chicks to the calls of the mother; however, the chicks did not recognize their mother. Spalding observation showed at particular stages in life innate behavior is developed with a specific time. Spalding experiments and observations supported the claim that animals innate behaviors not experiences is a determiner of behavior.

My Favourite Book Essay Example for Free

My Favourite Book Essay Lots of people read tabloid newspapers. Tabloid nespapers are read by lots of people. 2. Sue Green reads the news on television. The news on television is read by Sue. 3. The witness is helping the police. The police is being helped by the witness. 4. The newspapers arent publishing the photographs. The photographs arent published by the newspapers. 5. The police have arrested the driver. The driver has been arrested by the police. 6. The thief had taken the painting before the gard woke up. The paintinghad been taken before the guard woke up. 7. The company will deliver the flowers the next day. The flowers will be delivered the next day. 8. The government is going to give every school student a computer. A computer is going to be given to the every school student by the government. 9. You can buy a magazine on the train. A Magazinecan be boughton the train. (by you) 10. My sister made a pop video. The pop videowas made by my sister. Complete this radio news report using a passive form on the verbs in the brackets ! Good afternon . The lunch time news today will be read(read) by John Houard. The prime minister has visited a primary school in Ipswich where she (meet)has been metby the children and their teachers. She opened a new sports centre that (build)was built with money raised by the parents and teachers. Another $20 000 (need)are needed to finish the swimming pool so more money raising activities ( organise)will be organised for the summer months. Earlier today a group of pensioners was in accident when their coach (hit)was hit by lorry. The pensioners (help )were helped by local people until ambulances arrived. Most the passanger (alow)wasnt alowed to go home immediately, but thoose with more serious injuries (take)have been taken to Norwich central hospital later today. Witnesses say that the lorry (drive)was being drivingtoo fast. Rewrite the sentences using have/get something done ! 1. I will ask someone to repair my school bag. I will have my school bag repaired . 2. My sisters car is being seviced. My sister is getting her car serviced . 3. Someone is testing my fathers eyes. My father is getting his eyes tasted . 4. The grass is too long – I will pay someone to cut it. I will get the grass cut. . 5. I have taken my trousers to the cleaners. I have had my trousers cleaned. Rewrite the descriptions using compound adjectives ! 1. A skiing holiday that is two weeks long. Two-week skiing holiday is too long for me. 2. A baby who is six months old. Six month-old baby is very healthy. 3. A men with white hair. White-haired man is old and lovely. 4. A flight of six hours. Six-hour flight is boring. 5. A carpet made by hand. Handmade carpet is beautiful. Circle the correct preposition to form multipart verbs ! 1. When we have visiters we turn off/over the television. 2. My father always goes to sleep with television turned on/over. . My sister turns on/overthe channel to annoy me. 4. I turn down/to volume during the advertisements. 5. When I want to watch football I turn to/upmy mom for support. Circle the correct words in the latter ! Dear Colleague, On the 14th of june we will be holding a party to celebrate/celebration to success of our latest game show/opera. As you know, Win a Car! Is very popular/popularity and it will be good publish/publicityto hold a big thank-you party for stuff and successful players. The organise/organisation of the party is being done by my assistent. Yours faithfully.

Organizational Structure and Competitive Advantage

Organizational Structure and Competitive Advantage In our fast-paced, ever-changing world, organizations are constantly seeking ways to gain and sustain effectiveness. Though there is no single thing that makes an organization successful no secret ingredient some concepts do universally apply. One fundamental is to create a right organizational structure for success by ensuring alignment in organization dynamic relative to core purposes, strategy, and culture. Organisational structure refers to the way tasks are divided up, how the work flows, how this flow is coordinated and the forces and mechanisms that allow this coordination to occur. It creates the framework within which organizations operate. It is the skeleton and later on becomes the engine of the business. Therefore an organization with a structure which does not fit into economic and business environment, differentiated from its core purposes cannot exist for a long time. The aim of this paper is to review an organizational structure as a competitive advantage. The objectives will be the guiding tour to achieve the goal: Review existing organizational structures and their respective Analyse relationship between organizational structure and strategy Define which organizational structure is relatively better for exporting companies As a case study, organizational structure of Hansa Flex was researched, and subject in question was applied to it to compare organizational theory in real business life. The paper starts formulating a unified theoretical framework by explaining what the organization is, and describing relationship within an organization. Then it defines common types of organizational structure, talks about their function principles, afterwards investigates organizational effectiveness and relationship between organizational structure and strategy. To describe how a company can gain a competitive advantage relying on this relationship, and to compare theoretical framework with real business life, at the end, organizational structure of Hansa Flex was studied and conclusion about comparison is described. Some have described organizational structure as a formal configuration of roles and procedures, the prescribed framework of the organization. Others have described structure as the patterned regularities and processes of interaction. Structure is important in organizations because it reduces ambiguity and clarifies tasks, expectations and goal. Bartol, Martin, Tein and Matthews (2001, p. 267) define organizational structure as the formal pattern of interactions and coordination that managers design to link the tasks of individuals and groups to achieve organizational goals. Different sources give different contingencies which define organizational structure. These contingencies change through the time due to economic and business environment, technology, innovation as well as designs of organizational structures. The elements that were main criteria for selecting organizational structure 20 years ago are not reliable nowadays. Contingencies like size of organization, role clarity, specialization and control, for example, have been replaced by speed, flexibility, integration and innovation (Ashkenas et al., 1995, p. 7). Methodology Before carrying out the research, it is reasonable to analyse particular method for a given study. There are two main points that the research process of the paper goes through, as the research is done to enlighten development of organizational structures and review organizational structures as a competitive advantage: Defining the resource for analysis of theoretical framework Applying the theory on particular case study (Hansa-Flex) Starting a new research paper is like starting a new project you have an idea of what you want to do, but are not sure how to start. Many writers, like many project planners and managers, find that outlining is frequently the most effective way to start writing (Keene, 1987, p. 2). So having this idea in mind, we started to draw a step-by-step methodology of the research. Following are the stages that paper went through. Formulating the research aim (Initiation). This is the first stage of our research process, and the purpose of this stage is for us to decide what we are writing about, therefore after this stage it is possible to know which are the other stages that are needed for the fulfilment of the paper. As it was mentioned, the aim of the paper is to review organizational structure as a competitive advantage. We want to analyse perspectives of modern organizational structures and see whether there is one best structure that exporting companies can use. Developing the objectives. Once the research aim is determined, the next stage of our research is to develop the objectives: Review existing organizational structures and their respective Analyse relationship between organizational structure and strategy Define which organizational structure is relatively better for exporting companies These objectives will keep the research study going on towards the aim of the paper. Resource selection. Having followed all the previous stages then is the next stage; determine how and where to collect the data that is crucial to draw inferences and conclusions for the study. Primary Data Secondary data Collection Purpose For the problem at hand For other problems Collection process Very involved Rapid easy Collection cost High Relatively low Collection Time Long Short Table 1. A Comparison of Primary and Secondary data Source. Malhotra (1996, p. 117) According to a source comparison table of Malhotra (1996, p. 117), due to absence of research budget and short time, secondary data was chosen to be relative as source. It was decided to use, for this area of study, the following sources: Books Records Journals Newspapers Internet articles Academic Papers Published censuses or other statistical data Company Hansa-Flex (interviews with representatives) Unfortunately, there were some difficulties using all the sources above. Since the research took place in Bremen, small town in North Germany, it was not easy to find physical books, journals or newspapers in English. Therefore, to help this situation, electronic versions of some of the books were downloaded from the Hochschule Bremens internet network. Also, not being able to have an interview with Hansa-Flexs representative had negative impact on the case study part of the research. Literature Review. After collecting necessary data, this stage is an integral part of the research methodology, because it makes important contribution to all the next stages of the methodology. This stage helps to understand the subject area as well as the research aim precisely and clearly. Although the secondary sources created a framework for the study, censuses and annual reports published by Hansa-Flex did not help a lot to analyse the organizational structure of the company and evaluate it as a competitive advantage. The company presentation of Hansa-Flex given at the Hochschule Bremen by the companys Development Manager was used to fill this lack. Interpretation. After collecting and analyzing the data, and also subsequent to the clarifying of the questionable points, the next stage for the study will be interpretation in which the raw data, clean of mistakes, will be applied to the research aim. In this case it will be related to the case study, which is organizational structure of Hansa-Flex. Results and formal write of conclusions reached. The last stage is writing the report, in which all the previous stages come together as one research study and with the principle of enlighten the reader what all the research is about and all the results achieved drawn from what all the previous stages have done. It will also help to finally come with the result, whether the research aim was achieved or not. Organization and organizational structure. Definitions As it was mentioned before, the purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between organizational structure and strategy, and describe organizational structure as a competitive advantage. However, the goal of this chapter, as a starting point, is to introduce some common view about an organization and organizational structure. What is an Organization? Organizations all over the world share the same characteristics; they are social entities that are goal-directed, are designed as deliberately structured and coordinated activity systems and are linked to the external environment. Not all organizations are the same, some are large, multinational corporations, others are small, family owned business, some manufacture products, others provide services. One key element of an organization is that indeed the organization will exist when people interact with one another to perform essential functions that will help the achievement of goals. One organization cannot exist without the interaction with customers, suppliers, competitors, and some other elements of the external environment like the government etc (Daft, 2007, p.10-11). Definitions of organizational structure Having defined the organization, it is next sensible to define organizational structure. The Morris describes organizational structure as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the framework around, and the systems that support, the work being done in an organization. Walton (1986) notes structure as the basis for organizing, to include hierarchical levels and spans of responsibility, roles and positions, and mechanisms for integration and problem solving. The similar definition is given in the Dictionary-Organizational Behavior (2003) as: the established pattern of relationships among the components of parts of a company; the way that a company is set-up; the formally defined framework of an organizations task and authority relationship. (p.2) The organizational structure is reflected in the organization chart (Daft, 2007, p. 190). It is the visual representation of the whole organization and its processes. The organization chart enables to see employees going about their duties, performing different tasks, and working in different locations. The organization chart is very useful in the understanding how a company works. In general, it refers to the way that an organization arranges people and their jobs so that the work can be done and its goals can be achieved. If the size of a work organization is not big and communication can be made face to face, formal structure may be not necessary, but in a large-scale organization the messengers have to be passed about the delegation of various tasks. Then, structure is established that distribute responsibilities for various functions. It is these decisions that determine the organizational structure. Organizational structure and effectiveness Having a common view about what an organization is, and saying that organizational structure refers to the way that an organization arranges people and their jobs, it is time to think about the impact of the structure on organizational effectiveness. Organizational structure and organizational effectiveness are interrelated, because organizational structure impacts organizational effectiveness based on organization creativity. Woodman explains that: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦in general, adaptive organizational forms (e.g. matrix, networks, collateral or parallel structures) increase the odds for creativity. Bureaucratic, mechanistic, or rigid structures decrease the probability of organizational creativity. (Morris, 1995, p.64) Peguin (2003) comments that organizational effectiveness and its relation to structure are determined by a fit between information processing requirements so people have either too little or too much irrelevant information (para. 3). Andrews (1995) supports his idea and notes without clearly defined roles and responsibilities of getting information, any organization structure becomes dysfunctional. (p. 1) In analyzing the difficulties of realizing the organizational effectiveness, on the one hand, Bedeian (1986) says, Although effectiveness is a central theme in the study of organizations, it remains one of the most frequently cited yet least understood concepts in organization theory. (p. 186). He continues to argue that failing to consider organizations goals, characteristics, and constituents lead to fault assumptions of performance. (p. 190). He also believes that the relationship and consequences between organizational design and structure choice. Organizations are incredibly complex. They are molded by increasingly fluid and disorderly environmental forces that constantly threaten their rationally ordered structures and stated goals. (p. 198) On the other hand, he emphasizes the possible result of wrong structure choice. Declining organizations face many problems. One of the most serious of these is the lack of flexibility at time when adaptiveness and agility are especially needed. Among the attributes most commonly affected are an organization leadership, innovative processes, work-force composition, and relationships with interest groups. (p. 197). Relation between organizational structure and strategy This chapter is divided in two parts, while first part describes how organizational structure and strategy are related via environmental conditions; second part explains how to build proper organizational structure that supports strategy and defines the authority for each manager. Nearly always, development of corporate strategy begins by analyzing the industry in which it operates and environmental conditions. Then having industry and competitive analyses, through research and benchmarking the strengths and weaknesses of competitors, executives set out to carve a distinctive strategic position where they can outperform their rivals by building a competitive advantage. To obtain such advantage, a company chooses a structure, which is supposed to group people due to their duties, tasks and responsibilities as well as hierarchy of decision making (Mouborgne, et al., 2009). Developing an organizational structure that supports the strategy is not easy, because of uncertainty in the global economys rapidly changing and dynamic competitive environments. When a structures elements, such as reporting relationships, procedures, etc., are properly aligned with one another the structure facilitates effective use of the strategy (Hitt, et al., 2009, p. 309). Choosing the most appropriate organizational structure that supports the strategy does not ensure an organization from future mismatches. As previous chapters describes organizations has to change and adopt to innovation and changing environment, and just as organizations strategy needs to change with changing external environment, so must a structure change for proper strategy implementation. In other hand companys strategic options are bounded by the environment. In other words, structure shapes strategy (Mouborgne, et al., 2009). So organizational structure and strategy are like two different sides of the same coin. In structure strategy relationship, organizations must be wide awake in their efforts to verify that the structure calls for work to be completed remains consistent with implementation requirement of chosen strategy. There is no perfect or ideal organizational structure that lasts forever. The strategy must be supported by the structure that provides the stability needed to use current competitive advantage as well as flexibility required to develop future advantages. Therefore, properly matching organizational structure and strategy can create competitive advantage (Hitt, et al., 2009). Characteristics of organizational structures After the impact of organizational structure on organizational effectiveness and strategy was described, based on the literature review of the definition and characteristics of organizational structure above, this part explores the types of organizational structure. There are different approaches to design the organizations activity. In the other word, that is different types of organizational structure. Common types of organizational structure Numerous international scholars are working on identifying the types of organizational structure. Thus, various literatures identify several dominant organizational structure types from different perspective. According to traditional organizational type of bureaucratic and other new forms, dominant organizational structure types include functional structure, divisional structure and matrix structure. The descriptions below are summarized and supported by reference to current literature. Functional structure. It refers to a set of people who work together and perform the same types of tasks or hold similar positions in an organization (Ledbetter, 2003, p.13). Organizations that grow too complex to be administered through a simple structure usually adopt the functional structure as a means of coping with the increased demands of differentiation (Hatch, 1997, p.183). As Raymond mentions also a functional organization is best suited as a producer of standardized goods and services at large volume and low cost. Coordination and specialization of tasks are centralized in a functional structure, which makes producing a limited amount of products or services efficient and predictable. Moreover, efficiencies can further be realized as functional organizations integrate their activities vertically so that products are sold and distributed quickly and at low cost. Divisional structure. It refers to an organizational structure that is divided along some criteria, and most commonly it is geographic location, but there can also be product, functional, or strategic divisions. (Ledbetter, 2003, p.13) Matrix structure. It refers to simultaneously groups people in two ways: by the function of which they are a member and by the product team on which they are currently working. (Ledbetter, 2003, p.13) According to Hatchs organization theory, the matrix structure was developed with the intention of providing the best of both the functional and multi-divisional alternatives. The sad truth is all these structures have their disadvantages parallel to their advantages. If one of the structures did not have any disadvantage, it would be automatically accepted without any need to consider the pros. Pros and Cons of each structure Which structure effects efficiency most and works best for an organization can be quite complicated because of the nature of different organizations themselves. Every way of designing an organization has pros and cons. However, this section describes some general advantages and disadvantages of each organizational structure. This will help us to analyze the case study in the next chapter and see whether a company can use its structure as an advantage. Functional structure. In the functional structure, as it was recently described, the employees are allocated in departments based on their skills and what they do. Common functional departments are purchasing, accounting, manufacturing, sales and marketing, human resources. Each department acts as its own entity and they are focused on activity performance rather than final result. It leads to centralization of specialized personnel, equipment and facilities, and results high development of skills, however, this major benefit can be a major pain for the communication with other departments. In manufacturing companies, for example, weak communication within departments may affect the quality of final product. It also does not allow for flexibility because of the centralization. Divisional structure. As Rao (2003) mentions, the main benefit this structure provides arise from, appositely from functional structure, from the fact that this type of structure tends to be more result oriented than activity oriented. Each division in this structure contains all the necessary resources and functions within it. The employees of each division know about the specific needs of the division, and are involved actively to achieve the goal. This structure creates an atmosphere of individual commitment and motivation. Divisional structure has its own disadvantages. As it is decentralized, it results duplication of facilities, equipment, and personnel usually leads to more costly processing. Although the employees are aware of specific needs of the division, they might not know organizations overall needs. As functional structure divisional structure also may lead to a weak communication between divisions. The lack of cooperation reduces improvement of techniques. Matrix structure. This type of structure tries to get the benefits of functional structure and of divisional structure, reducing their disadvantages. One of the benefits is resources can be used from all over the organization. Another benefit, as Rainey (2009) underlines, is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the advantage of the ability to share or shift personnel or other resources rapidly across product lines. However, it is not easy to implement this structure because of the dual authority. Having two bosses may sometimes confuse the employees. But this fact can also have a positive impact, as two managers share responsibilities. Matrix structure requires heavy investment in coordination. Because such structure often produce high level of stress and conflict that must be resolved. It is important to remember that each managerial decision has its pros and cons. When designing an organizational structure management should take necessary actions to decrease the disadvantages of the chosen structure. Nowadays, many companies are based on mix of these structures. Whatever structure is chosen, management has to make sure that it supports organizations strategy and can be used as competitive advantage. Case study. Hansa-Flex As previous chapters suggest, when establishing an organizational structure a company has to make sure the structure supports companys strategy and fits into its culture. Having done this, a company can create sustainable resource for a competitive advantage. This chapter describes how Hansa-Flex, supplier of hydraulic hose, applies the theory of organizational structure to its business to achieve a competitive advantage over its rivals. Hansa-Flex. Company overview Since it was initiated in 1962 in the garage of the companys founder Joachim Armerding, Hansa-Flex Hydraulics has been Europes leading privately owned supplier of hydraulic hose, couplings, fittings, adapters and hydraulic accessories. Hansa-Flex offers replacement of spare parts due to customers require even at short notice. This can be done very efficiently as Hansa-Flex holds over 82,000 different parts permanently in its stock. With the expertise of committed workforce and focus on service Hansa-Flex provides fast, qualified help in any situation. Hansa-Flex equips more than 300,000 customers in various industries with hydraulic and metal hoses and components. Until now, it has more than 350 branch offices in 33 countries worldwide operations, has an annual turnover of 165 million à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ in year 2009 (Hansa-Flex Annual Report 2009). Furthermore, Hansa-Flex has a customer service fleet of 225 vehicles worldwide, of which 100 are in Germany on the road (Hansa-Flex Annual report 2009). The staff and training service in the fleet take FLEXXPRESS Services throughout the world around the clock repairs and install replacement parts. For instants, defective hydraulic hoses to forklifts and related fittings are replaced in the automobile production. In a word, the motto of Hansa-Flex is thinking globally acting locally, which means being positioned in Bremen with a worldwide network of branch offices. All of these branch offices guarantee great availability of their products throughout of world. For instants, by May 2010, the facility in Geisenfeld keeps about 150 branches in southern Germany (Hydraulikpresse 2010). In October 2010, Hansa-Flex opened their Operation Centre for the Asian market in Shanghai, China. This Operation Centre provides training program in training center and central warehouse as well as manufacturing and administrative space. Therefore, Hansa-Flex is well standing in Asian Market to take advantage of future developments. This is one of the last but not least successes for Hansa-Flex. Strategy of Hansa-Flex Hansa-Flex is also very well founded through all over world. Generally, in the process of globalization the competition between the companies is more disastrous. More customer attraction and more market share are the main targets of companies. In other words, the company needs the appropriate strategy for the organizational structure in different environment conditions, especially an international company. Well-designed structure provides effective outcome. This is the reason why Hansa-Flex has developed very fast in its founding in Germany and in Europe. Hansa-Flex believes that The whole is greater than the sum of its parts (Aristotle). It considers that it is more than just the number of its branches; more than the sum of its products and services. To be considered as a whole, Hansa-Flex has to include the totality of the experience and skills of every employee. Based on this point view Hansa-Flex sets a very important and interesting Strategy for the Company. It has opened the training center for their employees and potential employees early in 2001 when Hansa-Flex merely focused on local. Besides that, as a glocal  [1]  company, Hansa-Flex sees customer proximity as part of its responsibility for ensuring smooth processes in hydraulics. To sustain the proximity the company has chosen strategy of growth through diversification acquisition, subsidiary, partnership. This strategy makes sure Hansa-Flex is maintaining international growth while at the same time enlarging their product range. Figure 1. Number of branches Source. Hansa-Flex Annual Report 2003 According to the researches which are made by the majority of international scholars we find this growth strategy highly appropriate reflexed the following theory. The strategy must be supported by the structure that provides the stability to current competitive advantage as well as flexibility required to develop future advantages (Hitt, et al., 2009). In briefly, Hansa-Flex has a deeply understanding about how could organizational structure and strategy be related via environmental conditions and how to build proper organizational structure that supports their strategy to grow the market share and enter a new market. Hansa-Flex never stops changing and always thinks forward such as their catchword Think globally act locally. Organizational structure of Hansa-Flex Interesting point here is how the company controls such a large network of branches. How is the company organized to provide a strong communication between departments, and basically between warehouses to keep customers satisfied? This section answers this question by analyzing organizational structure of Hansa-Flex, and finds out whether or not the company uses it as a competitive advantage in the market. Obviously, as many other starter companies, Hansa-Flex was founded based on simple structure. Later on, as we see on figure 1, it starts opening branches in different regions of Germany, and so created functional structure. Starting from 1992, Hansa-Flex goes international. Being international and offering products in different countries is always a big deal and requires a lot of research. Nowadays, Hansa-Flex has established a mix of functional and divisional structures and customized it by its strategy and culture. The structured is divisioned by geographic location to push the company toward being bounderless organization. Basically it has centralized functional areas, such as purchasing, quality management, warehousing, human resources, marketing; and decentralized sales and local marketing. Most significant advantage of centralized purchasing is that it speeds up the purchasing cycle. Thanks to centralized purchasing Hansa-Flex can complete this process very fast, sometimes even within one day. It is because purchasing data is stored and accessible via the internet. The company can access the necessary order information and place an order much more quickly. It also saves a lot of time on conducting the correlation between supplier and Hansa-Flex. This way the company can easily forecast how it could suffer if the supplier goes bankrupt unexpectedly. This is easier to be done, because the company does not need to collect all the purchasing data from different branches. Another advantage is centralized purchasing makes it easy for everyone who needs to track the information even across multiple branches and corporate divisions. For Hansa-Flex this means insurance of customer proximity, and results on less time waste between branches and subsidiaries on tracking down the data. Thus, centralized warehouse again gives an advantage to Hansa-Flex to satisfy its customers faster than competitors. Having centralized HR, first of all Hansa-Flex ensures to have most qualified applicants for work. Because centralized HR decision making promotes a more equitable treatment of employees, and is political abuse. Therefore, HR experts review and rank job candidates very carefully and transparent. Using the advantage of purchasing power centralized marketing continue to create even better brand image among customers. The company also needs a local marketing on destination point. Because local employee knows local market better than foreigners employees. Therefore, central marketing transfer knowledge to local marketing to continue the whole process of marketing. Following the same logic Hansa-Flex has divisional sale force that is in charge of sales in specific regions. This gives the company flexibility to react and adapt to local environment changes. Conclusion Due to the globalization the concept of competitive advantage of a product or service has recently changed. It is not easy to sustain this sort of advantage, because of high competition and growing number of follower companies. Therefore, companies like Hansa-Flex use their organizational structure as a competitive advantage. As most of economic writers and managers say, there is no one ideal organizational structure. Each structure has its own advantages and disadvantages. It is also true that, due to its mission, organizational culture, and history, two companies in the same market can apply the same one structure, but still get totally different outcome. In our fast changing world, sticking into one classic structure is not enough. Establishing a structure needs a lot of creativity, knowledge, experience, and customization of the structure to the companys indicators. Following this logic Hansa-Flex designed a customized mix structure of functional and divisional structures. It efficiently uses advantages of both structures, reduces disadvantages. Therefore, having structure that supports strategy, Hansa-Flex can easily achieve its goals towards its mission. The model which Hansa-Flex constructs may not be applied in other companies; however, it provides a practical experience concerning the organizational structure, which is considered as the crucial factor for organizational effectiveness.

Comparing West Side Story and The Outsiders :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

West Side Story and The Outsiders West Side Story is a book about two gangs living in a large city. The Outsiders is a book with the same concept, two gangs that are archrivals. Even though two different authors wrote these books during two different time periods, they have the same story line. These books are realistic, because gang rivalry is still going on today. They are different, since they were written separately. Also, both these books have different problems between the main characters. Still, West Side Story and The Outsiders have many similarities. First, both books have two opposing gangs. In West Side Story, the Puerto Ricans make up the Sharks, and the Americans make up the Jets. In The Outsiders, the wealthy teenagers make up the Socs, and the low class youths make up the Greasers. Both gangs are rivals, constantly fighting to try and prove themselves superior to one another. One gang from each book, the Greasers and the Sharks, are typically the ones that are looked down upon by others. They are poor and usually cannot afford many things. On the other side, the Socs and the Jets are the superior gangs. They control most of the town, and normally beat up other gangs. "And you can't win against them no matter how hard you try, because they've got all the breaks and even whipping them isn't going to change that fact." pg. 11 The Outsiders In both books, these two gangs decide to have a rumble, a fight with all the members of the two gangs. This is one similarity between these books. Another thing in common with the books is that in a fight between the gangs, someone is killed. In West Side Story, during the rumble, Bernardo kills Riff. Tony takes his revenge by killing Bernardo. He does this because Riff was like a brother to Tony. Similarly, in The Outsiders, Bob was drowning Ponyboy. To protect his friend from harm, Johnny kills Bob with his switchblade. Because of the situation the boys had put themselves into, they needed to protect themselves, and this was the only way they thought might work. "I had to.

BILLY IDOL :: essays research papers

BORN: November 30, 1955, Middlesex, England Most of you will probably know that our ‘Great American Rocker ‘ is originally from England. He was born William Michael Albert Broad on Nov 30th 1955, in Stanmore, Middx. When he was just 3 years old, his father moved the family to the USA, in the hope of what Billy describes as ‘finding the American dream’. They settled in Long Island, New York, but after about 4 years, Mr. Broad decided that perhaps it wasn’t the ‘promised land’ after all & they returned to the UK. After spending a short time in Bromley, Kent, the Broads moved to the quiet suburbia of Goring, Worthing in W.Sussex. And then returned once again to Bromley. Billy insists that he inherited his wild streak from his father & grandfather before him. Wherever it emerged from, I think there can be no denying that it exists ! He claims also that he has frequently been misunderstood throughout his career & I believe that this was the case even during his school days. It was suggested on Billy’s report card that he was ‘idle’. What the teachers failed to recognise is that Billy was just ‘bored’. There was never any question that Billy was indeed a very bright student, but his need for constant stimulation & possibly an over powering compulsion to reject conformity lead to him leaving Sussex University after just the first year. Billy had already realised his appreciation of music & was seriously contemplating following that path as his chosen career. As he says himself : " I never wanted no proper job " The fact that his father was so avidly adverse to it was all the prompting that Billy needed. It was not just a question of deliberately wanting to rebel against him, but eventually more a case of wanting to prove that what he had chosen was not worthless. After many huge rows & 2 years of not even speaking, Billy managed to convince his father of this & Mr. Broad is now one of the first to recognise his achievements. One of the most admiral points of Billy’s career is that he has always resisted the temptation to ‘jump on the band wagon’. It would have been so easy , as he says, to ‘brush his hair down & become the new David Cassidy ‘. But his resilience, determination & commitment to his beliefs prevented him from ‘selling out’ & gave him the strength of position that he still commands today. BILLY IDOL :: essays research papers BORN: November 30, 1955, Middlesex, England Most of you will probably know that our ‘Great American Rocker ‘ is originally from England. He was born William Michael Albert Broad on Nov 30th 1955, in Stanmore, Middx. When he was just 3 years old, his father moved the family to the USA, in the hope of what Billy describes as ‘finding the American dream’. They settled in Long Island, New York, but after about 4 years, Mr. Broad decided that perhaps it wasn’t the ‘promised land’ after all & they returned to the UK. After spending a short time in Bromley, Kent, the Broads moved to the quiet suburbia of Goring, Worthing in W.Sussex. And then returned once again to Bromley. Billy insists that he inherited his wild streak from his father & grandfather before him. Wherever it emerged from, I think there can be no denying that it exists ! He claims also that he has frequently been misunderstood throughout his career & I believe that this was the case even during his school days. It was suggested on Billy’s report card that he was ‘idle’. What the teachers failed to recognise is that Billy was just ‘bored’. There was never any question that Billy was indeed a very bright student, but his need for constant stimulation & possibly an over powering compulsion to reject conformity lead to him leaving Sussex University after just the first year. Billy had already realised his appreciation of music & was seriously contemplating following that path as his chosen career. As he says himself : " I never wanted no proper job " The fact that his father was so avidly adverse to it was all the prompting that Billy needed. It was not just a question of deliberately wanting to rebel against him, but eventually more a case of wanting to prove that what he had chosen was not worthless. After many huge rows & 2 years of not even speaking, Billy managed to convince his father of this & Mr. Broad is now one of the first to recognise his achievements. One of the most admiral points of Billy’s career is that he has always resisted the temptation to ‘jump on the band wagon’. It would have been so easy , as he says, to ‘brush his hair down & become the new David Cassidy ‘. But his resilience, determination & commitment to his beliefs prevented him from ‘selling out’ & gave him the strength of position that he still commands today.

Chemistry uncertainty conical flask Essay

The conical flask was weighted with the balance and the value was recorded. 2) The beaker was filled with distilled water and the water was added into the conical flask up to the 60 mL mark. The dropper was used when water level was approaching the 60 mL mark. 3) The weight of the conical flask containing water was recorded. 4) The mass of water was found by subtracting the weight of conical flask from the weight of conical flask with water. 5) The volume of water was found from the mass of water . 6) Steps 1) to 5) were repeated ten times. 7) 60 mL was subtracted from each of the calculated volume of water. 8) The data obtained from step 7) were compared with each other and the largest value was taken as the absolute uncertainty of the conical flask. -The volume of water poured into the conical flask was being decided while the uncertainty of the conical flask, calculated from the experimental  volume subtracting theoretical volume of water, was being investigated. -The same conical flask and electronic balance was used throughout the experiment to ensure the results were not to be affected by the difference in apparatus used. -The volume readings were taken from the bottom of the meniscus of liquid and it was made sure all the liquid was emptied to ensure accurate reading of volume. – A dropper was used when the water level approached 50 mL mark of the conical flask to prevent solution from overflowing the mark and to ensure accurate reading of volume of solution. -Only distilled water was used in the experiment to access fair results in all rounds of experiments. -The uncertainties of the balance were neglected because the value ( ±0.0001g) was too small and has very little effect on the results. -10 sets of data were taken into account for more accurate results. -The experiment was done in room temperature and in an environment of same wind speed to prevent the experimental results from being affected. -The exterior and the upper 1/3 part of the interior of the conical flask was wiped dry with tissue paper before every set of experiment was carried out to assure accurate measurement of the mass of water contained. -The density of water is assumed to be 1 g/dm ³. The result of the experiment has shown that the uncertainty of a 100mL conical flask is 2mL. Comparing to a 100 mL volumetric flask, which has absolute uncertainty of 0.08mL, a conical flask is rather uncertain and will give inaccurate results. This explains why a conical flask is usually used for holding chemicals (for example in titration, it is used for containing the solution being titrated against and the indicator) instead of used for giving measurements. In this experiment, an observation was that the value displayed on the balance fluctuated within 0.0004 g. This observation was noted as it implied that even though the wind speed was kept constant around the environment (for example fans and air conditioner turned off), the movements generated by man or usage of balance had minor effect on the accuracy of the result. The effect of these small errors on the result can be eliminated by carrying out more rounds of the experiment, or by repeating with different electronic balances. Further investigation could be done on finding the values of uncertainty of different sizes and grades of conical flasks. By repeating the experiment with different sizes and grades of conical flasks, we can gain understanding in different instruments and the result might be used as reference in future experiments involving conical flasks.

Humanities and Academic Disciplines Essay

Do you know what your human condition is? If this is a question that you have ever asked yourself then you might have heard of humanities. â€Å"Humanities are academic disciplines that study the human conditions, using methods that are primarily analytical, critical, or speculative, as distinguished from the mainly empirical approaches of the natural science. † Wikipedia. (n. d. ). Looking further into humanities we are able to better understand ancient and modern languages, literature, law and history, just to name a few, a whole lot better. Distinguishing the difference between humanities vs. other modes of human inquiry and expression are simply put that humanities are the study of the humans action and reaction to different areas mentioned above, were as other methods can include the study of science and math as it relates to the items mentioned above. Art for example in an area of study is widely considered in the humanities for the creative nature that one has to have to create â€Å"art†. First we have the history of art, then drawing, painting and so on. This is an interesting topic when dealing with humanities. Some say that it is pure talent and enjoyment when it comes to art. Other say that it is something that has to be done very precise and thought out, then and only then is something considered art. Music is also a big topic when it comes to humanities. Like art it depends on the person when it comes to humanities. One might think that music is a way of expression or a form of speaking. Were as others might take music to the extreme and feel like they have to hit every note at the exact same pitch every time or sing every word is the same tone every time to be precise. Like a math equation, it must equal out to be the same every time or it will not work. Another topic that we need to discuss is literature. At its broadest, it can mean any sequence of words that has been saved for the spread in some form or an other, often it is used to Humanities 3 show the creativeness or imaginative works such as stories, poems, and skits. It is also used for the use if items that are of great significance and in need of reward. Shakespeare had literature mastered at his prime and was able to express his love for plays and life through his writings. It  takes much talent to express yourself or something in the way that you intended it to come Architecture is a great way for one to fully express themselves or share with millions the way they are feeling or their creativeness. By constructing any type of building for the whole world to see is a bold statement that should not be taken lightly or given only a few moments thought. Yes, it does require great mathematical skill to be able to construct wonderful buildings but it also take a very creative mind, a mind willing to be open and free to new ideas and procedures, to try new things. One might argue that architecture is purely the use or mathematics or geometry, but the bases of build something comes from deep within. Now philosophy which is â€Å"investigation of the nature, causes, or principles of reality, knowledge, or values, based on logical reasoning rather than empirical methods† Answer. com. (2011) is definitely something that has to do with the study of humanities and how the human nature reacts to such behaviors. It needs to be purely creative to even begin starting In the world today there are many topics that we are able to discuss about the relations of humanities. Given the few examples that we have discussed we are able to see that the relation between humanities and other human inquiries are very well defined. We now know that humanities are the study of academic disciplines that study the human conditions. I firmly believe the humanities are great increased based on a right or left brained person. It takes great creativity to come up with new laws, build an architectural beautiful building or create music Humanities 4 that is pleasing to its listeners. The humanities are an essential thing to help us visualize the study of academic disciplines.   

Contemporary World Culture “Why Women Go Into Porn”

There are quite a few reasons why men and woman enter into the porn industry, but by far it’s all about the money and many porn stars have said it’s because of the money. Porn is a billion dollar industry as money is made through the selling of pornographic magazines and movies. With the advent of the internet, porn has catapulted into an even bigger money maker for the porn industry and not only in the U. S. but world wide. Porn is literally everywhere and there are thousands of websites that offer pornographic videos, pictures and even stream live web-cams. Depending on what you wish to see you can watch live footage of people having sex or engaging in other sexual acts. But what about the actors or actresses that are in porn, how and why do they really get involved in such an industry? For the women more so than the men society asks why women get themselves involved doing sexual acts on film or live. The porn industry makes it seem like the porn actresses love sex and that they want you to think that they enjoy being degraded by all kinds of repulsive acts. The truth about porn actresses is that they showed up on the set not knowing about certain requirements and were told by porn producers to do it or leave without being paid. Work or never work again. Some of these women don’t have a choice because they need the money bad, so some were manipulated and coerced and even threatened. Throughout their career some of these women have caught HIV, Herpes, or some other kind of sexually transmitted disease from that coercion. Other porn actresses have gone home after a long night of numbing her pain, puts a pistol to her head and pulls the trigger. Now she’s dead. It’s safe to say most women who turn to porn acting as a money making enterprise, probably didn’t grow up in healthy childhoods either. In fact, many actresses admit they’ve experienced sexual abuse, physical abuse, verbal abuse and neglect by parents. Some were raped by relatives and molested by neighbors. When they were little girls they wanted to play with dollies and be mommies, not have big scary men get on top of them. The same horrible violations they experienced then, they relive it through as they perform in front of the camera and quite a few of them hate every minute of it. Despite the fact that some people look down on and frown at women working in the porn industry we as a society must realize that it is their choice and their choice alone to work in this industry. Some women who are struggling to become models or actresses will do porn films so they are not forced to live on the streets. The biggest reason for women and even men in porn is the money, and several female porn stars have made millions of dollars in the porn industry. The porn industry can be a stepping stone to other things in life, whatever the case may be. But we all start somewhere and the porn industry is where some women and men choose and want to be. I tried to find some official statistics online from sites like The Department of Justice, but all they had was child pornography statistics. Here are a few from a Christian site that is involved in a program to help those women get out of the porn industry.

Women Entrepreneurship

INTRODUCTION The emergence of women entrepreneur & their contribution to the national economy is quite visible in India. Women have become aware of their existence, their rights & their work situations. The number of women entrepreneur has grown over a period especially in the 1990s. Women have owned & operated business since the beginning of American history & much earlier in other part of the world. They rarely were recognized or given credit for their effort. Often women were invisible as they worked side by side with their husband in businesses & may have only stepped into the leadership position when their husband died. Many recognized business today are owned & operated by the wife or daughter of the founder. Due to gender discrimination & bias many women choose the option of starting & managing their own business that can impede women’s success in the corporate world. Women entrepreneurship need to be studied separately for two main reasons. the first reason is that women’s entrepreneurship has been recognised during the last decade as an untapped source of economic growth. Women entrepreneurs create new jobs for themselves & others by being different also provide society with different solution to management , organization & business problem as well as to the exploitation of entrepreneurs opportunities. The second reason is that the topic of women entrepreneurship has been largely neglected both in society general & in social science. Not only have women lower participation rates in entrepreneurial then men but they also generally choose to start & manage firms in different industries then men tend to do. Industries choosen by women are often perceived as being less important to economic development & growth then high technology & manufacturing further more research tend to be men streamed & too often do not take in to account the specific need of women entrepreneur. Why women become entrepreneur:- Women often leave the corporate world by starting their own business, to provide additional flexibility & life balance in managing their traditional responsibilities as wife & primary care taker of children. Different theories suggest that there is no set & standard profile that can be practically applied. For every women who is an entrepreneurs or wants to become one they each have their own set of reasons, motivation & many can not be categorized. Female & male Difference:- In comparing the management style of women & men entrepreneurs women display distinctive features & abilities. Women entrepreneurs shows transformational style of leadership. this style encourages positive interactions & trust based relationship with subordinate with whom they also share power & information. Women in non traditional industries value many both as a motivator and the preferred out come yet Buttner & Moore’s research finding indicate that women’s important goals are for professional growth, development, challenge & self fulfilment while men’s are preferred higher income. Barriers against women entrepreneurs:- Capital Finance :- There are many barriers for women entrepreneurs when falling the prospects of starting a new business research finds the primary barriers is the access to capital finance. This could also include start up financing & credit, cash flow management in the early operation & financial planning. Lack of network :- Another prominent barrier that women entrepreneurs face is the lack of network of information, assistance & mentors. Networking is a set of interrelated relationship that mutually benefit or that are involved, through sharing & giving resources, information & data and personal referrals set. Due to the gender difference in access to network women was excluded from many of the formal & informal networks in organization. Apart form that there are various obstacles that women entrepreneurs face some of these are Low risk bearing ability Male dominated society Lack of Education Scarcity of raw material Role of women Entrepreneurs in the global economy Entrepreneurship emerges from an individual’s creative spirit in to long-term business ownership, job creation & economic security. Women bring commitment and integrity because they care about economic empowerment, entrepreneurial development & innovation. As owner of small & edium size enterprise women can supply multinational companies with ideas, inventions, technology, raw materials supplies components & business services, ultimately female business owner will be recognized for who they are, what they do & how significantly they impact global economy. The global impact of women entrepreneur is just beginning to gain intensity. Worldwide the no. of female business owner continues to increase steadily & recent on report concluded that economic de velopment is closely related to the advancement of women. In nation where women have advanced economic growth has usually been steady. By contrast, in countries where women have been restricted the economy has been stagnant. Thus we can say entrepreneurship is the core of economic development. It is a multidimensional task & essentially a creative activity. Entrepreneur is key factor of entrepreneurship in the process of entrepreneurship. Women have to face various problems associated with entrepreneurship & these problems get doubled because of her dual role as a wage earner & home maker. Women in India constitute a larger proportion of total unemployed population & hence it is imperative to find out the entrepreneurial constraint faced by them. In Rajasthan situation of women entrepreneur is very critical they face more problems because they are less educated & not aware of govt. supports. In brief the thrust of the study is as follows To ascertain the various constraint faced by women in their enterprise. To identify different strength and weakness of women entrepreneur. To identify various psychological characteristics of women entrepreneur. To know the problems faced by women entrepreneur in setting their enterprise. To know the opportunities and threat faced by women entrepreneurs in Rajasthan.

Business Entrepreneurial Rhetoric

Apple Inc is considered as the most popular technological panies globally. The iPhone is one of the primary products of the pany which has over 42 million users globally (Bonk, Celine). There is huge demand for this product and the brand has a dedicated base of loyal customers. The phenomenal success of this brand is dependent on several factors including the business model. A parison is being done with the existing market research and the article presented by Yuan and Langesen named â€Å"What factors contributed to the success of Apple iPhone?† This report would discuss the various factors that have led Apple iPhone to be one of the market leaders. It describes the innovative approaches adopted by the pany. The article by Yufei Yuan and John Laugesen gives an in-depth analysis of the success factors of iPhone (Laugesen, John and Yufei Yuan). It has focused on the â€Å"user acceptance† aspect of the success factors. This implies that the pany is able to understand the customer preferences. Apple has successfully identified the needs of the target market and fulfilled their expectations based on culture, demographics and behavioral aspects (Laugesen, John and Yufei Yuan). It has also paid attention to the environmental factors such as â€Å"mobile data services† that are essential for iPhone (Laugesen, John and Yufei Yuan). The article has proposed an innovative success model and almost all the factors are being tapped by Apple. The first group of factors deals with consumer factors such as demographics, user preferences and culture. The brand targeted the young population who are technology savvy and demonstrated high dependency on smartphones (Laugesen, John and Yufei Yua n). The brand also focuses on the user preferences such as entertainment services and designed its products accordingly. The pany tries to satisfy the cultural niches through the utilization of content as well as software (Laugesen, John and Yufei Yuan). The second group of factors deals with the corporate factors such as business model, technology, marketing, branding, content providers and network operators. Apple has business models which are based on its core petence (Laugesen, John and Yufei Yuan). It has adopted the â€Å"device centric† business approach which is considered as one of the most important factor for the brand’s success (Laugesen, John and Yufei Yuan). The pany also engages in extensive marketing tactics and provides customization of their products based on the customer needs. It maintains control through distribution and content access (Laugesen, John and Yufei Yuan). The pany depends on the third parties for the development of application and their content. It aims to increase the value chain by improving the core petencies of the firm. The third group of factors prises of the environmental factors such as regulatory norms and the infrastructure. The pany has focused on the regulatory aspects required during the launch of the services as well as products (Laugesen, John and Yufei Yuan). The pany believes that it is important to coordinate well with the regulatory authorities so that there is smooth launch of the iPhone. Apple has focused on the improvement of the infrastructure of the different countries. It has focused on enhancing the user experience and has tapped the current technologies available in the mobile industry. According to Davila et al., Apple has focused heavily on the innovative aspects of their products. It has created innovative product lines such as iPod, iTunes, iPhone, Apple Stores and App Exchange. The innovative product has helped the pany to retain its topmost position in the market. This is the primary reason behind the extreme popularity of the brand. The second important reason for the success of iPhone can be attributed to the advertising and the differentiation aspects of the brand (De Mooij, Marieke). It has created innovative advertisements that capture the target markets well. The campaigns involving the â€Å"Super Bowl mercials 1984† and â€Å"iPod People† were popular among the masses (De Mooij, Marieke). The third most important reason is the extensive distribution and retail networks of the pany. It has been established that Apple has one of the largest distribution network in the United States (Homburg et al.). The distribution of the products of the p any is done through retail stores, online stores, direct sales channels and third party resellers (De Mooij, Marieke). This makes the product readily available at all times and the customers can choose their convenient distribution channels. The fourth important factor deals with the customer service (Bone et al.). Apple strives to provide excellent in store experiences as well as after sales service. It strives to enhance the customer satisfaction level of the consumers (Bone et al.). The problem underlined in the report prises of the wide variety of alternatives available to the target audiences. This is determined by the market research. The problem was quantified by consulting with several journal articles (Bone et al.). The iPhone has satisfied the requirements of the target market and this is one of the primary solutions to the problem (Bone et al.). The iPhone has fulfilled the customer requirements and this has been proved by the parative analysis. The economic model showcases that iPhone has benefitted the target market which has increased the sale of the products. It has led to increased revenue for the pany which has resulted in the greater profit generation (Bone et al.). It is clear that Apple Inc. receives high benefit from the greater purchase of iPhones. The roadmap is concerned with the distribution channels that are used by the pany in order to make sure that its products reach the target audience. The storyboard presents the events undertaken by Apple Inc. which is related to the conception, launch, promotion and marketing of iPhone. It prises of several rubrics such as problem rubric, solution rubric, economic rubric and roadmap rubric. The problem rubric identifies the target market and the various alternatives they are looking for in order to satisfy their preferences. The solution rubric shows the launch of iPhone which solves the worry of the customer. The economic rubric shows the increase in sales of the pany due to the launch of iPhone. The roadmap rubric shows the marketing approach that should be adopted in the pany for the future. The article has strong impacts on the issue and enumerates the reasons for strong foothold of Apple. It discusses the appropriate reasons that drive Apple for achieving more success. The parative analysis method is used for the purpose of paring the current market research along with the provided article. This parison is useful in understanding the factors contributing to the success of iPhone. This report would broaden the understanding of the topic and would also facilitate further research on this topic. Bone, Sterling A., et al. "How customer participation in B2B peer-to-peer problem-solving munities influences the need for traditional customer service."  Journal of Service Research  18.1 (2015): 23-38. Bonk, Celine. "The impact of Apple's munication and French and Finnish consumers' product perceptions: case of the iPhone product." (2015). Davila, Tony, Marc Epstein, and Robert Shelton.  Making innovation work: How to manage it, measure it, and profit from it. FT press, 2012. De Mooij, Marieke.  Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes. Sage Publications, 2013. Homburg, Christian, Josef Vollmayr, and Alexander Hahn. "Firm value creation through major channel expansions: evidence from an event study in the United States, Germany, and China."  Journal of Marketing  78.3 (2014): 38-61. Laugesen, John, and Yufei Yuan. "What factors contributed to the success of Apple's iPhone?."  Mobile Business and 2010 Ninth Global Mobility Roundtable (ICMB-GMR), 2010 Ninth International Conference on. IEEE, 2010.

International Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

International Human Resource Management - Essay Example Due to this constant change, many trends take place in the organization such as complexity of employment and hierarchy of managers and employees. There is an increase in the number of employees and size of workforce. Increment in size of workforce requires training to inculcate specialized skills in the employees. Moreover, management also needs a special kind of training that helps them make better managers so that they run the organization in a better way. One of its responsibilities is identifying the competitive employees and non-competitive employees of organization. All these trends possess great importance and every organization requires some individuals who manage the problems pertinent to human resource to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization (Boxall & Purcell, 2003), the process of managing the human resource in known as Human Resource Management. If this management is taking place internationally to run an international business then it comes under the heading of International Human Resource Management. Currently, there is great need of effective IHRM because many organizations are working globally with branches and offices in many parts of the world. Effective IHRM decides the failure or success of any organization globally. SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ISSUES THAT ARISE IN IHRM PRACTICES Social responsibility issues that arise in IHRM practices are exploitation of employees, assigning the employees work, which they consider torture for themselves, firing employees for no reasons, giving priority to employees because of any personal relationship (Wood, 1999). Not listening to employees’ complaints and not giving... From the research it can be comprehended that the conventional functions of Human Resource Management now need strategic directions towards increasing and supporting organizational potentials, through actions that go beyond the customary business activities such as economics, marketing, and non-customary activities, such as knowledge management. Human Resource Information System has great implication in every sector. It can play a fundamental role and help the communications process in the organization. Most prominently, organizations can employ and hold the top performers, improve efficiency and enhance job satisfaction of the employees. Human Resource Management has the responsibility to capitalize on efficiency and revenue, but in the rising scenario, the role of Human Resource manager is changing swiftly due to variations in government guidelines, labor legislations, and machinery. The trends have taken place in the organization, human resource planning, job design, motivation, a nd recruitment and skill development and employee relations. Human Resource Management can face the challenges effectively if organizations implement proper strategies. Therefore, the role of Human Resource Management will be more momentous in future due to the rising scenario. To resolve the ethical issues enterprises should make each member of the enterprise aware of the importance of ethics on their lives. If they always respect ethics and consider them as basic for living a peaceful life they will never face any disastrous situation.